| murmur | cause | diseases | | --------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | **systolic** | | | | crescendo-decrescendo ejection murmur | [[Aortic stenosis]] | | | holosystolic, high-pitched "blowing" murmur | [[Valvular disorders#Mitral Regurgitation\|mitral regurg and tricuspid regurg]] | - [[Rheumatic fever]]<br>- [[Endocarditis]] | | holosystolic, harsh-sounding urmur | [[Congenital heart disease\|VSD]] | | | late systolic crescendo murmur with mid-systolic click | mitral valve prolapse<br>click due to sudden tensing of cordae tendineae as leaflets prolpase into LA | can predispose to IE<br>- marfans<br>- ehlers-danlos<br>- [[Rheumatic fever]]<br>- chordae rupture | | **diastolic** | | | | high-pitched early diastolic "blowing" decrescendo murmur | [[Valvular disorders#Aortic Regurgitation]] | - bicuspid aortic valve<br>- [[Endocarditis]]<br>- aortic root dilation<br>- [[Rheumatic fever]] | | late diastolic rumbling murmur after an opening snap | [[Valvular disorders#Mitral Stenosis]] | late and highly specific sequela of rheumatic fever | | **continuous** | | | | continuous machine-like murmur | [[Congenital heart disease\|patent ductus arteriousus]] | - congenital rubella<br>- pre-maturity |