# Exam technique
18ish minutes per line; 6 min per 12 point question on SAQ (9 min per 18 point question) (30 seconds per point).
Below pic shows reverse timer breakdown targets at the end of each row... assuming 12 point questions, which wont be the case on the exam because there are 18 point questions mixed in. The red shows the minimum actual time that should be remaining at the end of each 9 question block to have enough time to do an 18 point 28th question (if there are only 27 questions the math is easier; 1 hour every 9 questions -- or 20 min per row -- but I don't think that will happen).
![[Screenshot 2024-11-06 at 19.46.09.jpg]]
**MCQ**: 120 questions = 40 questions/hour or 1.5 min/question
after hour 1 should have 80 remaining
> I found timing difficult. One area where I tried to maximise time on the real exam was on VBG calculation questions: I often wrote the equation, but chose not to do the calculation. This is because you only have 30 seconds per point, so I figured that if the calculation would take longer than 30 seconds (eg for delta ratio), a better use of time would be to put something worth 30 seconds so I could maximise points in other areas of the test.
# High yield factoids
- [[Statistics and research methods overview]]
- [[Peri-intubation collapse]]
**Tox**
PHAILS - drugs not amenable to charcoal
CAVAL - drugs for dialysis
VPILES - drugs for WBI
LVACC - drugs for MDAC
**VBG**
A-a gradient: (fio2x700) - 1.25(pCO2) - paO2
winters expected CO2 for met acidosis: 1.5(HCO3) + 8
#tables
| mnemonic/formulae | meaning | info |
| ----------------- | -------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| PHAILS | drugs not amenable to charcoal | - pesticides<br>- hydrocarbons/heavy metals<br>- acids/alkali/alcohols<br>- iron<br>- lithium<br>- solvents |
| CAVAL | drugs for dialysis | - carbamazepine<br>- alcohols<br>- valproate<br>- aspirin<br>- lithium |
| VPILES | drugs for whole bowel irrigation | - verapamil/diltazem (+/-venlafaxine)<br>- body Packers<br>- iron (metals) (>60mg/kg Fe)<br>- lithium<br>- enteric coated drugs<br>- sustained release prep |
| LVACC | drugs for MDAC | - Lamotrigine<br>- valproate<br>- aspirin<br>- carbamazine<br>- colchicine |
## Admin
- **systems** - protocols, guidelines, (in)adequate supervision
- **processes** - equipment, indication, alternative treatments
- **individuals** - support doctor, indvidual issues
*Cultural competence* -- allows us to work effectively in cross-cultural situations
- tx pts with specific cultural context in mind
- ensure they feel safe
- knowledge of different ethnicities and their health status
- being aware of how our own culture impacts our health practice
- approaching those of other ethnicities with a mix of empathy, respect, self reflection, and curiosity
## procedures
structure for complications from x procedure:
- **procedural complication** - so the actual procedure of putting in drain causing harm e.g. damage to intercostal, lung contusion, liver injury etc.
- **equipment complication** - tube kinking/malposition- into fissure for example
- **Post procedure complication** - dislodgement / migration / infection
- **Late complications** - infection/empyema
difficulties you may encounter with \[x] special difficult patient ventilating / intubating / modifications to standard RSI? 4 point template
1. **disease factors** (eg ARDS, penetrating neck injury)
2. **difficult patient factors** (eg adiposity, chest wall compliance, sedation resulting in ventilator dyschrony, may need paralysis)
3. **oxygenation** modifications (eg delayed sequence, ARDset, permissive hypercaponea, etc)
4. **technique** modifications (video/direct / trach or double set up )
# mnemonics
%% DATAVIEW_PUBLISHER: start
```
TABLE mnemonic FROM "" WHERE mnemonic!=null AND mnemonic!="" AND !startswith(file.name, "Template") SORT file.name ASC
```
%%
| File | mnemonic |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| [[Ob-Gyn/abnormal vaginal bleeding (non-pregnancy).md\|abnormal vaginal bleeding (non-pregnancy)]] | PALM-COEIN |
| [[Vascular/Acute limb ischaemia.md\|Acute limb ischaemia]] | 5 Ps |
| [[Resus/Airway.md\|Airway]] | LEMON, SMART |
| [[Medicine (Gen Med)/Alcohol-related disease.md\|Alcohol-related disease]] | CAGE |
| [[Resus/ALS algorithm.md\|ALS algorithm]] | ABCDEHTTT |
| [[Toxicology/Toxidromes/Anticholinergic toxicity.md\|Anticholinergic toxicity]] | Hot as a hare, blind as a bat, dry as a bone, red as a beet, mad as a hatter |
| [[Paeds/BRUE.md\|BRUE]] | “<1 year, <1 min, <1 medical condition, 1 scary feature” |
| [[Admin/Capacity and consent.md\|Capacity and consent]] | CURVES |
| [[Toxicology/Toxidromes/Cholinergic syndrome.md\|Cholinergic syndrome]] | SLUDGEMS, DUMBELLS, "killer Bs" -- Bronchorrhoea and *bronchospasm*, *bradycardia*, BP (low), seizures needing Benzos |
| [[Symptoms/Coma.md\|Coma]] | LETHARGIC |
| [[Symptoms/Confusion.md\|Confusion]] | AEIOUTIPS |
| [[Symptoms/Crying.md\|Crying]] | TIMSCRIES |
| [[Biomarkers/D-dimer.md\|D-dimer]] | HAD CLOTS |
| [[Haem/DIC.md\|DIC]] | HOTMISS |
| [[Enviornment/Disaster preparedness.md\|Disaster preparedness]] | METHANE , CSCATTT |
| [[Ortho/Galeazzi fracture dislocation.md\|Galeazzi fracture dislocation]] | MUGR |
| [[Opthal/Glaucoma.md\|Glaucoma]] | Rule of 5s |
| [[Metabolic/Electrolytes/hypercalcaemia.md\|hypercalcaemia]] | bones, stones, abdominal groans, psychiatric overtones |
| [[Paeds/Kawasaki Disease.md\|Kawasaki Disease]] | ROLLE |
| [[Cardiology/Long QT.md\|Long QT]] | QT CODAS |
| [[Procedures/Lumbar puncture.md\|Lumbar puncture]] | TAP AS IF |
| [[Symptoms/miosis.md\|miosis]] | COPS |
| [[Ortho/Monteggia fracture-dislocation.md\|Monteggia fracture-dislocation]] | MUGR |
| [[Symptoms/Mydriasis.md\|Mydriasis]] | SAW |
| [[Trauma/Neck and spine trauma.md\|Neck and spine trauma]] | Jefferson Bit Off a Hangman's Toenail |
| [[Paeds/Neonates/neonatal jaundice.md\|neonatal jaundice]] | 24-10 |
| [[Paeds/Neonates/Neonates.md\|Neonates]] | THE MISFITS |
| [[Paeds/Non-accidental injury.md\|Non-accidental injury]] | “Those who don’t cruise, don’t bruise”, TEN 4 FACES |
| [[Admin/Organ donation.md\|Organ donation]] | GIVE |
| [[Toxicology/organophosphates.md\|organophosphates]] | DUMBBELSS |
| [[Paeds/paediatric elbow.md\|paediatric elbow]] | CRITOE |
| [[Paeds/Paediatric fluids.md\|Paediatric fluids]] | 4-2-1 maintenance fluids mL/H |
| [[Toxicology/Paracetamol overdose.md\|Paracetamol overdose]] | **HE CRASH** |
| [[Ob-Gyn/Pelvic inflammatory disease.md\|Pelvic inflammatory disease]] | THINRIM |
| [[Resus/Peri-intubation collapse.md\|Peri-intubation collapse]] | DOPES, AAHH SHITE |
| [[Neuro/peripheral nerve disorders.md\|peripheral nerve disorders]] | Toxin-MANIC |
| [[Resp/Pleural effusion.md\|Pleural effusion]] | POS and LOG |
| [[Ob-Gyn/postpartum haemorrhage.md\|postpartum haemorrhage]] | four Ts - Tone, Trauma, Tissue, Thrombin |
| [[Procedures/Procedural sedation.md\|Procedural sedation]] | SOAP MI |
| [[Paeds/Rheumatic fever.md\|Rheumatic fever]] | JONES, CAFE PAL |
| [[Symptoms/Seizures.md\|Seizures]] | OTIS CAMPBELL, VITAMINS |
| [[Toxicology/Toxidromes/Serotonin Syndrome.md\|Serotonin Syndrome]] | RASCAL |
| [[Ob-Gyn/Shoulder dystocia.md\|Shoulder dystocia]] | HELPER |
| [[Psych/Suicide Risk.md\|Suicide Risk]] | SADPERSONS, IPMO |
| [[Symptoms/Syncope.md\|Syncope]] | CHESS, "WOBBLER" |
| [[Toxicology/Tox Resus.md\|Tox Resus]] | RRSI DEAD |
%% DATAVIEW_PUBLISHER: end %%