see: [Hayes' Pancytopenia](x-devonthink-item://556A8296-6196-4E9A-8782-BDCC6BFCCBA7) see also: [[Anaemia]], [[thrombocytopaenia]], [[febrile neutropenia]] ## Central vs. peripheral taxonomy of pancytopenia **central** - empty marrow: aplastic anaemia, myelofibrosis - deranged marrow: myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)  - infiltration by abnormal cells: leukaemia, lymphoma, tumours, TB - drug-induced: chemo, sulfa drugs, EtOH **peripheral** - hypersplenism - autoimmune - severe sepsis - viral ([[HIV]], EBV, [[Hepatitis]]) ## More comprehensive list **Bone marrow infiltration/replacement** - Malignant - Acute leukemias - Chronic leukemias/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) - Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) - Multiple myeloma - Metastatic cancer - Nonmalignant **Infectious (eg, fungal, tuberculous)** - Storage diseases - Bone marrow failure - Immune destruction/suppression - Aplastic anemia/paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria **Medications** - Cytotoxic drugs - Idiosyncratic reactions to medications - Large granular lymphocyte leukemia **Autoimmune disorders (eg, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis , sarcoidosis)** - Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) **More** - Nutritional - Megaloblastic (vitamin B12, folate) - Excessive alcohol - Other (eg, copper deficiency, zinc toxicity) - Malnutrition/anorexia nervosa with gelatinous degeneration - Marrow suppression - Viral infection (eg, HIV, hepatitis, Epstein-Barr virus \[EBV]) - Ineffective hematopoiesis (eg, MDS, nutritional) - Destruction/sequestration/redistribution - Consumption - [[DIC]] (eg, associated with sepsis, acute promyelocytic leukemia) - Splenomegaly - Portal hypertension/cirrhosis - Infections (eg, EBV) - Autoimmune disorders (eg, SLE, RA/Felty syndrome) - Malignancies (eg, lymphomas, MPN) - Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia - Storage diseases (eg, Gaucher)