see: [[Emergency Delivery]] **Risk factors** - prior shoulder dystocia - fetal macrosomia - diabetes - maternal obesity - prolonged first or second stage of labor - abnormal pelvic anatomy - short maternal stature - precipitous delivery **neonatal complications of shoulder dystocia** - brachial plexus injury - clavicle fracture - humerus fracture - hypoxic brain injury - hypoxic arrest ![[Emergency Delivery#shoulder dystocia]]