see also: [[Opthal]], [[pupil exam]] #opthal miosis = pupil constriction **Mnemonic**: COPS Cholinergics, clonidine, carbamates Opiates, organophosphates phenothiazines (antipsychotics), pilocarpine, pontine haemorrhage sedative-hyponotics # Causes - [[Clonidine]] overdose - olanzapine or clozapine overdose - chlorpromazine, prochlorperazine OD - [[organophosphates|organophosphate poisioning]] - [[Cholinergic syndrome]] - GHB - [[Opiate overdose]] ## traumatic causes of miosis - [[pupil exam#Horner Syndrome|Horner's Syndrome]] (eg cervical cord injury, [[carotid and vertebral artery dissection|carotid dissection]] from ==base of neck blunt trauma==) - ==pontine haemorrhage== → ([[Bulbar palsy|bulbar]] muscle weakness, [[Heat-related illness|hyperthermia]], hyperventilation also common)