see also: [[Chest trauma radiology#haemothorax]]
See [Dunn - pulmonary injuries](x-devonthink-item://68C7574E-C7F8-4D99-91C4-B6FE4965AF31)
**Indications for Thoracotomy**
- blood loss from ICC in stable patient
- \>200 mL/hour for 3 hours
- \> 1500 mL in total
- blood loss from ICC in unstable patient
- \>100mL/hour
- \>1000mL in total