see also: [[DVT]], [[leg ulcers]] > [!Key Points] > - > - [mnemonic::5 Ps] - can occur quickly or slowly **Sources** - proximal cardiac - MI, AF, endocarditis - distal (AAA, disection, atherosclerosis) | fast onset| slow onset | |---|---| |embolism, dissection|thrombus of a plaque, low CO| |pale|black dead feet| # 5 P's - pain - pallor - paraesthesias/paralysed - pulseless # Diagnosis - CT angio gold standard **Buerger's Test**: This test involves the patient lying supine with legs elevated for about 2 minutes, followed by hanging the legs down. The clinician observes for **reactive hyperemia**(increased blood flow) when the legs are lowered, which can indicate peripheral vascular issues. A positive Buerger sign is characterized by a change in color or temperature of the foot, often described as **dependent rubor** or a "sunset foot" appearance # Treatment - heparin -- stop more clotting - embolectomy - bypass - thrombolysis # Related Questions ## dvt - [ ] 7Q: [Purple leg disease](x-devonthink-item://93BDB055-D606-4878-9FA5-0BEFF977FEF7?page=18) -- [Answer](x-devonthink-item://736EC9CD-AC9C-4588-BA1E-F4AD190CBA47?page=8) ## endocarditis - [ ] 8Q: [Endocarditis](x-devonthink-item://F0498813-9350-484C-AD5B-6FF7C3AE9015?page=36) -- [Answer](x-devonthink-item://A491A3F6-FD6D-492F-BCBE-7F7BAE101EDF?page=38) ## ischaemic limb - [ ] 9Q: [Ischaemic limb](x-devonthink-item://1A14F7A1-E434-47A6-BC68-AF2DD1A7C090?page=3) -- [Answer](x-devonthink-item://736EC9CD-AC9C-4588-BA1E-F4AD190CBA47?page=27) - [ ] 10Q: [Ischaemic limb](x-devonthink-item://8A1FC024-FD4E-4202-A93D-77C4E8234DC5?page=12) -- [Answer](x-devonthink-item://7EEBE66F-C2B1-4EF7-B29C-FB52D469C8CD?page=11) - [x] DUPLICATE Q: [Ischaemic limb](x-devonthink-item://8A1FC024-FD4E-4202-A93D-77C4E8234DC5?page=12) -- [Answer](x-devonthink-item://7EEBE66F-C2B1-4EF7-B29C-FB52D469C8CD?page=11) - [ ] 11Q: [Limb Pain, Weakness and Parathesiae](x-devonthink-item://09CFA1A7-00F1-4151-979E-8F3984924D54?page=60) -- [Answer](x-devonthink-item://CF5E9C2B-42F9-4F9C-AC29-877E20134927?page=39)